Dangerous Goods Labels

Hazardous Material (HAZMAT) Labels

The Department of Transportation (DOT), under CFR 49, Part 172.400, requires special labels for packages, overpacks, or containers transporting hazardous materials. These hazardous material transportation labels must satisfy the compliance regulations of other regulatory agencies, including the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The following information serves as an overview of the regulations for HAZMAT labels . 

Class 1: Explosive

Division 1.1 - Explosives whose mass explosion hazard affects the entire load instantaneously.
Division 1.2 - Explosives with a projection hazard, but not a mass explosion hazard.
Division 1.3 -  Explosives with a fire hazard along with a minor blast hazard and a minor projection hazard, but not a mass explosion hazard.
Division 1.4 - Explosives that present a minor explosion hazard that is largely confined to the package without projection of fragments of appreciable size or range and in which an external fire would not cause instantaneous explosion of the whole package.
Division 1.5 - Insensitive explosives comprised of substances with a mass explosion hazard with minor probability of initiation or transition from burning to detonation under normal conditions of transport.
Division 1.6 - Insensitive articles without a mass explosive hazard, but contain insensitive detonating substances and  demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.
Class 2: Gases

Division 2.1 - Flammable gas is at 20°C (68°F) or less and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) of pressure and can ignite when in a mixture of 13 percent or less by volume with air or has a flammable range with air of at least 12 percent regardless of the lower limit.

Division 2.2 - Non-flammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas, which is any material (or mixture) that exerts in the packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) or greater at 20 °C (68 °F) and does not meet the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3.

Division 2.3 - Gas poisonous by inhalation is at 20°C (68°F) or less and a pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) and is known to be toxic to humans so as to pose a hazard to health during transportation.

Class 3: Flammable Liquid
Flammable liquid has a flash point of not more than 60.5°C (141°F) or any material in a liquid phase that has a flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F) that is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk packaging.
Class 4: Flammable Solid, Spontaneously Combustible, and Dangerous When Wet

Division 4.1 - Flammable Solid is any of these three types of materials:
  • Desensitized explosives that when dry are explosives of Class 1 and are specifically authorized by name or have been assigned a shipping name and hazard class by the Associate Administrator.
  • Self-reactive materials,which  are thermally unstable and that can undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without participation of air.
  • Readily combustible solids that can cause a fire through friction and show a burning rate faster than 2.2 mm (0.087 inches) per second, or metal powders that can be ignited and react over the whole length of a sample in 10 minutes or less.
Division 4.2 - Spontaneously Combustible material is a pyrophoric material, which is a liquid or solid that can ignite within five (5) minutes after coming in contact with air or a self-heating material that when in contact with air and without an energy supply is liable to self-heat.
Division 4.3 - Dangerous When Wet material is a material that when it makes contact with water is liable to become spontaneously flammable or give off flammable or toxic gas at a rate greater than 1 L per kilogram of the material per hour.
Class 5: Oxidizer, Organic Peroxide
Division 5.1 - Oxidizer is a material that can (generally by yielding oxygen) cause or enhance the combustion of other materials.
Division 5.2 - Organic Peroxide is any organic compound containing oxygen (O) in the bivalent -O-O- structure and that can be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide.

Class 6: Poison, Poison Inhalation Hazard, Infectious Substance

Division 6.1 - Poisonous Material is a material, other than a gas, that is:
  • known to be toxic to humans so as to afford a hazard to health during transportation or is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls within a toxic category when tested on laboratory animals.
  • an irritating material such as tear gas that causes extreme irritation, especially in confined spaces.
Division 6.2 - Infectious Substance material is known to contain or suspected of containing a pathogen.

Class 7: Radioactive

Radioactive material is fissile material such as plutonium-238, plutonium-239, plutonium-241, uranium-233, uranium-235, or any combination of these radionuclides. The definition does not apply to unirradiated natural uranium and depleted uranium, and natural uranium or depleted uranium that has been irradiated in a thermal reactor.
Class 8: Corrosive

Corrosive material is a liquid or solid that causes destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.
Class 9: Miscellaneous Hazardous Material

Miscellaneous hazardous material is a material that presents a hazard during transportation, but does not meet the definition of any other hazard class.